Free gravitational force calculator using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. Calculate force between masses, surface gravity, escape velocity, and orbital velocity for planets and celestial bodies.
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Our gravitational force calculator applies Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation to compute attractive force between any two masses. Calculate gravitational force, surface gravity, escape velocity, and orbital velocity for planets, moons, and celestial bodies. Get instant results with step-by-step calculations.
Gravitational force is the attractive force between any two objects with mass. Discovered by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687, this universal force governs everything from falling apples to orbiting planets. The force depends on both masses and decreases with the square of the distance between them.
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
F = G x m1 x m2 / r2 where G=6.674x10-11 m3/kg/s2Calculate gravitational force, mass, distance, surface gravity, escape velocity, or orbital velocity.
Instant calculations for Earth, Moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Sun using accurate astronomical data.
Support for kilograms, Earth masses, Solar masses, meters, kilometers, AU, and more.
See complete derivations with formulas and scientific notation for large numbers.
Calculate gravitational effects between planets, stars, and other celestial bodies.
Determine escape velocities and orbital parameters for spacecraft trajectories.
Solve Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation problems for coursework and exams.
Compare surface gravity and escape velocities across different planets and moons.
The gravitational constant G = 6.67430 x 10-11 m3/kg/s2 is a fundamental physical constant that determines the strength of gravitational attraction. It was first measured by Henry Cavendish in 1798.