Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator
Calculate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium values for population genetics. Find allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, and carrier rates from any known value.
Key Terms
- p: frequency of dominant allele (A)
- q: frequency of recessive allele (a)
- p²: frequency of homozygous dominant (AA)
- 2pq: frequency of heterozygous carriers (Aa)
- q²: frequency of homozygous recessive/affected (aa)
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Calculate Population Genetics Equilibrium
The Hardy-Weinberg principle is fundamental to population genetics. This calculator helps you determine allele and genotype frequencies from any known value - whether it's the frequency of affected individuals, carriers, or either allele.
Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes how allele frequencies remain stable in a population when there's no evolution occurring. The equations p + q = 1 (for alleles) and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (for genotypes) let us calculate all frequencies from just one known value.
Hardy-Weinberg Equations
p + q = 1, p² + 2pq + q² = 1Why Use This Calculator?
Multiple Input Options
Start from affected frequency, carrier rate, or allele frequency.
Complete Results
Get all allele and genotype frequencies from any single value.
Population Counts
Calculate expected numbers for any population size.
How to Use
Common Applications
Genetic Counseling
Calculate carrier frequencies for genetic disorders.
Biology Education
Learn and practice population genetics problems.
Research
Estimate expected genotype distributions in populations.
Evolution Studies
Compare observed vs expected frequencies to detect selection.
Frequently Asked Questions
HW equilibrium assumes: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection. Real populations rarely meet all conditions, but it provides a useful baseline for comparison.